What is cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer is the cancer of the cervix or lower portion of the uterus. It is the type of cancer that develops over many years when there is infection by some high risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) - a virus that causes abnormal cells growth in the cervix. HPV is passed on by sexual contact and is very common. There can be a long delay between infection with HPV and the development of cervical abnormalities. Some rare cervical cancers are not caused by HPV such as those that have spread from other organs.

What are the risk factors for cervical cancer?

• The more sexual partners, the higher the risk of HPV transmission and therefore, cervical cancer
• Family history can make some women more likely to get cervical cancer than others
• Women who smoke are twice as likely to get cervical cancer than non-smokers

What is cervical screening?

It is a process used to detect abnormal cells in the cervix via a cervical smear test. It is recommended that every woman between the ages of 20 and 70 who has ever been sexually active- has a smear test every three years. Cervical screening can detect any changes in the cervix early so they can be treated thus aiming to prevent the development of cervical cancer.

Where can I get a cervical smear test?

Cervical smears are available from your GP, Maori health centres, Pacific and women’s health centres, and Family Planning clinics. It will cost you the same as a regular doctor’s visit however there are some low cost options through community organisations.

Why is it important for me to have regular smear tests?

Any abnormalities in the cervix develop slowly so ensuring you have regular tests will mean that any abnormal cells can be found and treated before they become cancerous.

What about HPV immunisation?

HPV immunisation is available to all girls and young women in New Zealand to help protect them from developing cervical cancer as well as less common cancers such as genital, mouth and throat cancers caused by HPV. It protects against four types of HPV by causing the body to develop antibodies against these four types of HPV. It is available to girls through school in Year 8, otherwise your GP or local health clinic will provide it. Currently it appears that the immunisation gives a strong degree of protection for up to 8 years.

Do I still need cervical smear tests if I have been HPV immunised?

Yes. The vaccine does not protect against all types of HPV, therefore regular smear tests are still required.

The best way to protect against cervical cancer is HPV immunisation and cervical screening together with practicing safe sex. Find us on www.facebook.com/arogyamantranz